Effect of TSG on GSK3β，PKA and PP2A of APP/PS1/Tau Triple-transgenic Mice Dementia Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside （TSG） on the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3<italic>β </italic>（GSK3<italic>β</italic>）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase （PKA） and Serine/threonine phosphatase 2A（PP2A） in the brain of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1/Tau （APP/PS1/Tau） triple-transgenic mice dementia model. Method:A total of forty-five 8-month-old APP/PS1/Tau transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group， positive control group （Huperzine-A， 0.15 mg·kg^-1）， low， medium and high dose TSG groups （TSG， 0.033，0.1，0.3 g·kg^-1）， with 9 mice in each group， and another nine C5B7L/6J mice of the same age were selected as normal control group. After 60 days of intragastric administration， the general structure of hippocampal neurons was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， immunohistochemical （IHC） was used to detect the expression of PKA protein in the brain of mice in each group， the mRNA expression levels of GSK3<italic>β</italic>， PKA and PP2A were detected by real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and protein expression levels of GSK3<italic>β</italic> and PP2A were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal control group， the apoptosis level of neurons in the model group was significantly increased， the protein and mRNA expression levels of GSK3<italic>β</italic> and PKA were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the protein and mRNA expression levels of PP2A were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the apoptosis level of neurons in each treatment group was significantly down-regulated， the protein and mRNA expression levels of GSK3<italic>β</italic> and PKA were significantly down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the protein and mRNA expression levels of PP2A were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:The mechanism of TSG in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease （AD） may be related to lowering the transcription and expression of GSK3<italic>β</italic> and PKA， increasing the transcription and expression of PP2A.

Comparison of open versus laparoscopic surgeries for adrenal tumor: a meta-analysis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of open and laparoscopic surgeries for treatment of adrenal tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The online databases including CNKI, PUBMED, SinoMed, EBSCO, Springerlink, WanFang Data, and VIP were searched for clinical trials published from 1999 to 2016. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2340 patients in 25 trials were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that laparoscopic surgery was better than open surgery in terms of intestinal function recovery time (OR=-0.96, 95%CI [-1.22, -0.70] P<0.000 01), hospitalization time (OR=-3.48, 95%CI [-4.13, -2.78], P<0.000 01), complications (OR=0.22, 95%CI [0.14, 0.35], P<0.0001), and volume of blood loss (OR=-104.77, 95%CI [-138.95, -70.60], P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the surgery cost between open and laparoscopic surgeries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopic surgery is superior to open surgery for treatment of adrenal tumors for shorter intestinal function recovery time, surgery duration, and hospitalization time and less complications and blood loss.</p>

An analysis on the influencing factors of compliance in colorectal cancer screening among residents in Songjiang District / 预防医学

Objective To explore the influence factors of the compliance in colorectal cancer( CRC)screening. Methods A total of 140 096 local people were selected for fecal occult blood test( FOBT)in Songjiang District Shanghai City. They were over 40 years old and thought to be high risk groups of colorectal cancer. The participants with FOBT positive were asked to following colonoscopy. All the participants were interviewed by a questionnaire. The influencing factors of compliance on colorectal cancer screening were analyzed by multivariate regression. Results Of all the residents with high risk of colorectal cancer,The FOBT positive rate was 16. 83%. Of the FOBT positive residents,8 566 cases took the examination of colonoscopy,and the screening rate was 36. 33%. A total of 142 cases were diagnosed as colorectal cancer, with the detection rate of 1. 66%. Compared with the positive rate of FOBT in 2012 and 2013,the rate was significantly lower(18. 16%,15. 78%,p<0. 05),and the rate of colonoscopy examination increased(45. 66%,26. 04%,p<0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that fear of pain( OR=3. 01 ),the thought of uselessness( OR=1. 89 )were risk factors for compliance in colorectal cancer screening( p <0. 05 ). Conclusion The compliance of colorectal cancer screening in Songjiang District is relatively low. High-risk groups with regular physical examination,high level education were prone to have good compliance,and fear of pain,think it useless were the main reason for incompliance.

Isolated peripheral neuropathy as an unusual presentation for an extramedullary relapse of acute leukemia

A 23-year-old man in remission from acute myeloblastic leukemia after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation developed peripheral neuropathy presenting as sciatic and peroneal nerve deficits. Electrophysiological tests localized the lesions to the left sciatic and common peroneal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed nerve thickening and enhancement, while a positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan demonstrated increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake tracking along the nerve, suggesting peripheral nerve infiltration. This report demonstrates an unusual presentation of acute leukemia relapse presenting as focal neuropathy

Analysis of the infection status and the drug resistance of mycoplasma and chlamydiae in genitourinary tracts of children with suspected nongonococcal urethritis / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the infection and the drug resistance status of mycoplasma and chlamydiae in genitourinary tracts of children with suspected nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and provide information for clinical rational administration of antimicrobial agents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples of genitourinary tract secretion from 146 children who were suspected of having nongonococcal urethritis or colpitis were collected and tested for mycoplasma via culture and for chlamydia with antigen detection. Meanwhile, susceptibility test was carried out on the samples which were positive in mycoplasma cultivation. Chlamydia antigen was detected by the polymer conjugate-enhanced (PCE) indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (IDEIA PCE Chlamydia; DAKO). The mycoplasma culture medium was produced by Nanjing Liming Biological Products Co,. Ltd. Antibiotics used for susceptibility test were erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, leucomycin, meleumycin, rovamycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, cycloate erythromycin, and clindamycin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifteen samples were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) by antigen detection (10.3%), 82 samples were positive in mycoplasma cultivation (56.2%), and among the 82 samples, 58 were positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu, 39.7%), 9 were positive for Mycoplasma hominis (Mh, 6.2%), and 15 were positive for Uu and Mh (10.3%). Of all the samples, 4 were positive for both Uu and Ct (2.7%). The rates of drug resistance of the 10 commonly used antibiotics were as follows: erythromycin 32.9%, roxithromycin 41.5%, josamycin 19.5%, leucomycin 22.0%, meleumycin 28.0%, rovamycin 30.5%, azithromycin 37.8%, clarithromycin 26.8%, davercin 24.4%, and clindamycin 26.8%, respectively. The results indicated that drug resistance rates of josamycin and leucomycin were the lowest, and the rates of roxithromycin and azithromycin were the highest.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The infection rates of mycoplasma and chlamydia in children suspected NGU were high. Mycoplasma showed drug resistance to a different degree to 10 common antibiotics. The results of chemosensitivity showed that josamycin had the highest susceptibility rate.</p>

Protective effect of ghrelin on left ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats is associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent pathway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Studies suggested that exogenous ghrelin administration could prevent early left ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. We investigated herein whether ghrelin attenuated left ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension and whether ghrelin's effect was mediated through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)-dependent pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Spontaneously hypertensive rats (8-week-old males) were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each: ghrelin group (received ghrelin 100 microg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) twice daily); ghrelin + GW9662 group (received the PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662 at 2 mg/kg s.c., and then ghrelin as above); saline controls. Normal male Wistar Kyoto rats (n = 12) served as normal controls. Four weeks later, the effects of ghrelin on cardiac remodeling were evaluated by echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and histopathological examination, and gene expression analysis (PPAR-gamma protein and mRNA expression). The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ghrelin prevented ventricular remodeling, increased PPAR-gamma expression in the myocardium, suppressed collagen I and collagen III mRNA expression, and also decreased the serum levels of TNF-alpha, but not CRP. All abovementioned effects of ghrelin were inhibited by GW9662.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ghrelin inhibited ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension, and the preventive effects of ghrelin may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory actions of the PPAR-gamma-dependent pathway.</p>

H(2)S protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury and its effect on c-Fos protein expression in rats / 生理学报

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>The present study was aimed to study the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and whether the effect is mediated by c-Fos protein expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:</p><p><b>CONTROL GROUP</b>sham treatment; I/R group: the rat anterior descending branch of left coronary artery was occluded for 30 min and then released to allow reperfusion for 60 min; NaHS (exogenous H(2)S donor) groups: the rats were pretreated with NaHS at 2.8 μmol/kg body weight and 14 μmol/kg body weight (i.v.), respectively, before I/R treatment. Hemodynamics (LVSP, LV±dp/dt(max)) and electrocardiogram (ECG, lead II) were monitored continuously with multi-channel physiological signal analysis system after reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. H(2)S concentration in the plasma was determined with a spectrophotometer. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in myocardial tissue were evaluated by HE staining and by a transmission electron microscope. The evaluation of c-Fos protein expression in myocardial tissue was performed by immunohistological staining. The results showed that H(2)S concentration in rat plasma in I/R group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group [(30.32±5.26) vs (58.28±7.86) μmol/L, P<0.05]. NaHS at 2.8 and 14 μmol/kg body weight reduced the changes in LVSP, LV±dp/dt(max) in rat myocardium induced by I/R injury. The values of LVSP, +dp/dt(max) and -dp/dt(max) at 60 min during myocardial reperfusion were enhanced from (75.93±1.10)%, (66.27±4.78)% and (66.01±4.79)% in I/R group to (84.34±2.24)%, (76.38±1.93)% and (75.47±5.29)% in 2.8 μmol/kg body weight NaHS group (P<0.05, P<0.01, n=6), (88.40±2.88)%, (80.10±2.09)% and (80.48±6.20)% in 14 μmol/kg body weight NaHS group (P<0.01, n=6), respectively. Compared with that in 2.8 μmol/kg body weight NaHS group, the enhancing effect was more prominent in 14 μmol/kg body weight NaHS group. NaHS at 14 μmol/kg body weight markedly alleviated the injury in morphological changes and decreased c-Fos protein expression in myocardial tissue compared with that in I/R group (0.20±0.06 vs 0.32±0.10, P<0.05). These results suggest that H(2)S protects myocardium against I/R injury and this protective effect may be related to the down-regulation of c-Fos protein expression.</p>